acv drug  (NanoMed Pharmaceuticals)

Journal: Viruses

Article Title: Ginkgolic Acid Inhibits Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Skin Infection and Prevents Zosteriform Spread in Mice

doi: 10.3390/v13010086

Figure Lengend Snippet: Verification of acyclovir-resistant (ACV R ) HSV-1 infection in Vero cells. ( A ) Flow chart of the methodology used to create ACV-resistant (ACV R ) mutants, adapted from Sarisky et al. . Verification of acyclovir-resistant (ACV R )-GFP-HSV-1 17+ in Vero cells. ( B ) Fluorescent images of 0.1 MOI GFP-HSV-1 infection in Vero cells with or without 45 µM ACV. FITC filter with excitation of 490 nm and emission of 525 nm was used to visualize viral plaques at 40× magnification; Scale bar represents 200 µm. ( C ) Fluorescent images of 0.1 MOI ACV R -GFP-HSV-1 infection in Vero cells with or without 45 µM ACV. FITC filter with excitation of 490 nm and emission of 525 nm was used to visualize viral plaques at 40× magnification. Scale bar represents 200 µm. ( D ) Plaque Assays of viral stocks (1 MOI) with or without 45 µM ACV in Vero cells in viral dilutions of 10 −2 to 10 −4 , shown as qualitative image and in a table with averaged viral titers. ( E ) Western Blot analysis using antibodies directed against HSV-1 infected cellular protein 0 (ICP0; Santa-Cruz, sc-53070), glycoprotein D (gD; Santa-Cruz, sc-69802), thymidine kinase (TK; Invitrogen, PA5-67984), and GAPDH (0411; Santa-Cruz, sc-47724). M: Chameleon 800 Pre-stained Protein Ladder (Li-Cor, 928-80000). Signaling intensities of bands for each antibody have been normalized (as a percentage) to GFP-HSV-1. ACVR: ACV R -HSV-1. ( F ) Plaque Assays of GFP-HSV-1 17+ (0.1 MOI) and ACV R - HSV-1 (0.1 MOI) with various treatments in Vero cells such as DMSO (1:2000), 10 µM GA, and 10 µM ACV in viral dilutions of 10 −2 to 10 −4 , shown as qualitative image and in a table with averaged viral titers.

Article Snippet: GFP-HSV-1 was used to generate an acyclovir-resistant (ACV R ) mutant strain as previously described by Sarisky et al. ( A) with the following changes: 70–80% confluent Vero cells in a 6-well plate were infected with 0.1 MOI of GFP-HSV-1 in the presence of 1 μg/mL ACV (Cat#2513, Tocris, Minneapolis, MN, USA).

Techniques: Infection, Western Blot, Staining

Journal: Viruses

Article Title: Ginkgolic Acid Inhibits Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Skin Infection and Prevents Zosteriform Spread in Mice

doi: 10.3390/v13010086

Figure Lengend Snippet: GFP-HSV-1 average zosteriform infection scores of BALB/cJ mice (N = 10/treatment), following the application of DMSO in 2.5% HydroxyEthyl Cellulose (HEC) gel, 10 mM GA in HEC gel, and ACV USP 5%. ( A ) Age-matched BALB/cJ mice were inoculated with 6 × 10 4 PFU of GFP-HSV-1, given respective treatments, and monitored for survival for 14 days. ( B ) Averaged infection scores of surviving animals in each treatment group across 14 days. ( C ) Combined and averaged infection score of all animals per day for 14 days. GA-treated animals demonstrated a significant reduction in the appearance of vesicles and erosions compared to vehicle-treated control animals. ( B ) Student independent t -tests (2-tailed) and ( C ) One-way ANOVA [F(2, 39) = 12.31]; * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.001. Δ indicates that 8 out of 10 animals in the DMSO-treated group died by day 12 p.i. All error bars represent SEM.

Article Snippet: GFP-HSV-1 was used to generate an acyclovir-resistant (ACV R ) mutant strain as previously described by Sarisky et al. ( A) with the following changes: 70–80% confluent Vero cells in a 6-well plate were infected with 0.1 MOI of GFP-HSV-1 in the presence of 1 μg/mL ACV (Cat#2513, Tocris, Minneapolis, MN, USA).

Techniques: Infection, Control

Journal: Viruses

Article Title: Ginkgolic Acid Inhibits Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Skin Infection and Prevents Zosteriform Spread in Mice

doi: 10.3390/v13010086

Figure Lengend Snippet: ACV R -HSV-1 average zosteriform infection scores of BALB/cJ mice, following the application of 10% DMSO in polyethylene glycol (PEG), 10 mM GA in PEG, and 10 mM ACV in PEG (N = 5/group). Age-matched BALB/cJ mice were inoculated with 2.0 × 10 5 PFU of ACV R -HSV-1 using the epidermal scarification-zosteriform model. Each group received the respective treatments and were monitored for 14 days. The infection scores of surviving animals were averaged in each treatment group for each day. GA-treated animals demonstrated a significant reduction in the appearance of vesicles and erosions compared to vehicle-treated control animals. Student independent t -tests (2-tailed); * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01. All error bars represent SEM.

Article Snippet: GFP-HSV-1 was used to generate an acyclovir-resistant (ACV R ) mutant strain as previously described by Sarisky et al. ( A) with the following changes: 70–80% confluent Vero cells in a 6-well plate were infected with 0.1 MOI of GFP-HSV-1 in the presence of 1 μg/mL ACV (Cat#2513, Tocris, Minneapolis, MN, USA).

Techniques: Infection, Control

Journal: Cell host & microbe

Article Title: ACYCLOVIR IS ACTIVATED INTO A HIV-1 REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITOR IN HERPESVIRUS-INFECTED HUMAN TISSUES

doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2008.07.008

Figure Lengend Snippet: a. Blocks of human tonsillar tissue were co-inoculated ex vivo with HSV-2 strain G and X4LAI.04, and treated or not with ACV (30 μM). HIV-1 replication was monitored by measuring p24gag accumulated in culture media over 3 day periods. Presented are means ± SEM of the results with tissues from 4 to 17 donors. For each donor, each data point represents pooled viral release from 27 tissue blocks. Note that ACV suppresses HIV-1 in HSV-2 coinfected tissues.

Article Snippet: ACV is a guanosine nucleoside analogue particularly active against HSV-2 as well as against the other α-HHVs (HSV-1 and VZV) ( Elion, 1983 ).

Techniques: Ex Vivo